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Dr. Carilyn Hoffman with Renown's Women's Health explains the symptoms, causes and treatments of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (also referred to as Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)), a prevalent condition among women of reproductive age that influences hormonal balance, metabolism and fertility. Make an appointment with Renown Women's Health Click here to schedule Call to schedule: 775-982-5000 PCOS Defined PCOS is a constellation of symptoms characterized by two of the three criteria: multiple small cysts on the ovaries visible via ultrasound, irregular periods and signs of hyperandrogenism. Other symptoms include infertility, insulin resistance, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Symptoms of PCOS The symptoms of PCOS can vary from woman to woman, but some of the most common include: Irregular menstrual cycles: This is often one of the first signs of PCOS. Women may experience fewer than nine periods a year, more than 35 days between periods, frequent spotting, and/or abnormally heavy periods. Excess androgen levels: High levels of male hormones may result in physical signs such as excess facial and body hair (hirsutism), severe acne and male-pattern baldness. Polycystic ovaries: Enlarged ovaries containing numerous small cysts can be detected via ultrasound.     Causes and Risk Factors The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but several factors may play a role: Genetic predisposition: A family history of PCOS increases the risk. Insulin resistance: High insulin levels might increase androgen production, causing difficulty with ovulation. Obesity: Women with elevated BMI’s are more likely to have PCOS, although 20% of women with PCOS are not obese. Diagnosis and Treatment Dr. Hoffman outlines that diagnosing PCOS requires a medical history review, a physical exam, blood work and an ultrasound to evaluate the ovaries. Treatment options can range from lifestyle modifications, like diet and exercise and weight loss, to medications for menstrual regulation, fertility assistance, and rarely surgery. Lifestyle Changes A healthy lifestyle is a cornerstone of managing PCOS. Regular exercise, a nutritious diet, and weight management can help reduce symptoms and the risk of long-term health issues. In overweight patients, weight loss as little as 5% has been shown to improve symptoms of PCOS. Medication Medications may include hormonal contraceptives to regulate menstrual cycles, anti-androgens to reduce hair growth and acne, and Metformin to address insulin resistance. Fertility Treatment For women with PCOS who are trying to conceive, ovulation induction with clomiphene or letrozole is sometimes necessary. Sometimes a referral to a reproductive endocrinologist and infertility specialist is needed for more advanced technologies like IVF. Health Implications PCOS is not just about cystic ovaries or irregular periods; it can have profound implications on a woman's overall health. Women with PCOS are at an increased risk for several conditions, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and endometrial cancer.

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This holiday season, sprinkle some extra joy for your favorite furry pals by whipping up these easy, AKC-approved dog treats. With simple ingredients and quick baking times, they're the perfect last-minute surprise to show your pet some love. Turn it into a delightful gift by snagging some adorable, budget-friendly canisters (easily found at dollar or thrift stores) and fill them to the brim with these homemade goodies. It's a merry, tail-wagging gift that's sure to make this season the most pet-friendly one yet! 🎄🐾🍪

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Add a dash of holiday cheer to your gatherings with this vibrant Cranberry-Jalapeño Cream Cheese Dip. Its festive red and green hues perfectly capture the spirit of the season, while the delightful blend of sweet, spicy, tart, and creamy flavors is sure to delight and tantalize your guests' palates. Simple to prepare, this appetizer is an irresistible addition to any holiday feast!

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This easy, kid-friendly recipe just might be the perfect pre-trick-or-treating meal that will vanish before your eyes! Serve with veggie sticks and mustard and ketchup for dipping. Several healthy hot dog options, such as vegan, turkey and chicken, are available in most grocery or health food stores.

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Take a breather during spring break and make this fun, sweet treat with your kids. We've provided nutritional cream cheese and sugar alternatives to keep your family's health top of mind.

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We are all guilty of saving our bananas as they quickly turn from ripe to overripe. "I am going to make banana bread," we tell ourselves. Well, this is your sign to take those bananas and turn them into something delicious and healthy!  Not to mention, this is a great recipe for anyone on the go looking for an easy-to-grab breakfast or a nutritious snack to send in your child's lunchbox. The coconut flour in this tasty fall recipe is not only gluten-free and grain-free but also packed with potassium, iron and plant-based protein—making it the perfect addition for those following a keto or low-carb lifestyle.

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Salmon is a highly nutritious fish loaded with heart-healthy fats. A 3-ounce portion of salmon contains between 700–1,800 milligrams of omega-3 fatty acid. Research indicates that diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation and heart disease risk. Because salmon can be a strong flavor, lemon helps balance and bring a light citrus taste. In contrast, dill adds a slightly green, fresh note to this entrée. So, if you’re looking for a quick and wholesome meal, try this grilled lemon salmon kebabs recipe—ready in just 20 minutes!

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If you’re looking for an easy cake recipe for those last-minute gatherings, give this no-fuss lemon cake a try. By keeping yellow cake mix and lemon jello on-hand, you’ll only need to buy fresh lemons to quickly whip up this tart and tasty treat!

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The convenience of marinara sauce in a jar is pretty hard to beat. But with some extra time in the kitchen, the nutritional value of traditional sauce — already packed with good stuff — goes off the charts.

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Dive into a vibrant and exciting culinary adventure with our zesty veggie paella! This dish is bursting with bold flavors and packed with goodness, all while being meat-free and salt-free. It's your ticket to a healthier heart, helping to lower cholesterol and blood pressure without skimping on the deliciousness. Get ready to spice up your mealtime in the most delightful way!

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